Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4580 5736 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4643 4628 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4643 4628 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4647 4647 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4639 4639 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4639 4624 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4693 4678 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4687 4672 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4687 4672 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4699 4699 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4580 4580 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4643 4628 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4637 4622 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4647 4647 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4639 4624 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4639 4624 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4589 4575 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4648 4633 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4598 4598 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4654 4637 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4654 4637 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4724 4705 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4591 4591 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4605 4591 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4677 4658 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4639 4639 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4646 4646 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4597 4597 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4646 4646 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4671 4671 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4598 4598 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4709 4690 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4574 4709 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4660 4641 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4668 4649 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4717 4698 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4582 4717 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4709 4690 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4679 4679 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4669 4650 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4671 4671 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4720 4701 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4669 4650 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4669 4650 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4670 4651 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4589 4589 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4644 4644 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4665 4665 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 171 184 189 237 344 377 374 4706 4706 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4648 4648 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4716 4716 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4660 4660 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6237 6800 8061 13481 14764 15230 241873 242844