Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4578 5734 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4641 4626 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4641 4626 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4645 4645 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4643 4643 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4643 4628 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4691 4676 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4691 4676 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4691 4676 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4703 4703 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4578 4578 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4641 4626 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4641 4626 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4645 4645 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4643 4628 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4643 4628 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4593 4579 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4646 4631 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4596 4596 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4652 4635 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4652 4635 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4722 4703 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4589 4589 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4603 4589 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4675 4656 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4643 4643 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4650 4650 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4601 4601 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4650 4650 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4669 4669 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4596 4596 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4713 4694 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4578 4713 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4664 4645 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4666 4647 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4715 4696 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4580 4715 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 366 4713 4694 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4683 4683 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4667 4648 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4669 4669 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4717 4699 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4667 4648 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4667 4648 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4668 4649 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4593 4593 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4642 4642 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4663 4663 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 188 189 237 344 377 374 4710 4710 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4646 4646 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 239 398 431 381 4714 4714 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4658 4658 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6240 6800 8063 13481 14764 15229 241888 242860